NDA
Union Public Service Commission
UPSC conducts the NDA exam to select candidates after 10+2 for officer training leading to commissioned service in the armed forces.
The NDA exam is conducted by the Union Public Service Commission twice a year, in April and September. It selects candidates who have passed or are appearing in 10+2 for entry into the National Defence Academy, with Physics and Mathematics required for the Air Force and Navy options. Selection runs through a 900 mark written examination followed by a 900 mark SSB Interview spread over five days.
Frequency
Twice a year (April & September)
Overview
What is NDA?
The exam exists to bring school leavers into the officer stream of the armed forces at the earliest permitted age. UPSC handles the written selection, and the Services Selection Board stage assesses suitability for officer training through psychological tests, group tasks and a personal interview. Candidates who clear both stages enter academy training and are later commissioned as officers. The career path on record runs from Lieutenant through Captain, Major, Lt. Colonel, Colonel and Brigadier to General, with pay in the range of Rs 56,100 to Rs 2,50,000 at the Lieutenant to Major stages.
Who Can Apply?
The exam suits candidates aged between 16 and 19 who have completed 10+2 or are appearing for it in the current session. Those applying for the Air Force or Navy must have studied Physics and Mathematics at the 10+2 level. Applicants must be Indian citizens. Because the written paper carries 900 marks across Mathematics and the General Ability Test, with negative marking of 0.33 marks per wrong answer, and is followed by a five day SSB Interview of equal weight, candidates need both academic preparation and readiness for the officer assessment stage.
Career Opportunities
Candidates who clear the written examination and the SSB Interview enter training that leads to a commissioned officer post in the armed forces, with the Air Force and Navy streams open to those who studied Physics and Mathematics at the 10+2 level. Entry is at the rank of Lieutenant, with the pay scale for this entry running from Rs 56,100 to Rs 2,50,000 across the Lieutenant to Major range. Progression from there follows a fixed rank ladder, moving to Captain and then Major in the earlier years of service. Senior ranks on the same path include Lt. Colonel, Colonel and Brigadier, with General at the top of the sequence. Because the ladder is standard across the service, career planning after entry is built around time in rank and performance rather than separate recruitment rounds.
How to Apply
- 1
Complete UPSC One Time Registration
Create the One Time Registration profile on the UPSC online portal linked from upsc.gov.in using a valid email address and mobile number. The OTR profile stores your personal, educational and contact details for reuse in later applications.
- 2
Open the NDA and NA Examination application
Log in with your OTR credentials and select the NDA and NA Examination notice from the active examinations list. Read the full notice and the instructions page before starting Part I.
- 3
Fill Part I of the application
Enter qualification details for 10+2, confirming Physics and Mathematics where you intend to apply for the Air Force, Navy or the 10+2 Cadet Entry Scheme at the Indian Naval Academy. Record your service preferences in order of priority.
- 4
Choose an examination centre
Select your preferred written examination centre from the drop down list in the application. Centres are allotted on a first apply first allot basis, so an earlier submission improves the chance of getting your chosen city.
- 5
Upload documents and pay the fee
Upload a scanned photograph, signature and photo identity card in the formats and size limits stated in the notice. Pay the prescribed fee through net banking, card or UPI, or by generating a cash challan for payment at a designated bank branch, unless you fall under an exempted category.
- 6
Submit and save the acknowledgement
Verify the filled details on the preview screen, submit the application and download the printable acknowledgement. Keep the registration ID and a printout for later correspondence and for the Withdrawal of Application module if you need it.
- 7
Download the e-admit card when released
Return to the UPSC portal and download the e-admit card using your registration ID or roll number. Carry the printed admit card with the same photo identity document whose number you entered in the application.
Eligibility Criteria
Age Limit
16–19 years
Age Relaxation
| Category | Relaxation |
|---|
Educational Qualification
10+2 or appearing in 10+2. Physics and Mathematics required for Air Force/Navy.
Nationality
Indian citizen.
Candidates must have passed 10+2 or be appearing in 10+2 to apply for the NDA. Those opting for the Air Force or Navy must have studied Physics and Mathematics at the 10+2 level. The age band is 16 years minimum to 19 years maximum. Only Indian citizens are eligible, and candidates should check the official notification for the cycle-specific date of birth window.
Selection Process
Written Exam
Offline OMR · 5 hours (2 papers)
SSB Interview
Psychological + Group Tests + Personal Interview · 5 days
Final Selection
Exam Pattern
Written Exam
Offline OMRDuration: 5 hours (2 papers)Total: 900 marksNegative: -0.33| Subject / Section | Questions | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Mathematics | 120 | 300 |
| GAT (General Ability Test) | 150 | 600 |
SSB Interview
Psychological + Group Tests + Personal InterviewDuration: 5 daysTotal: 900 marksDetailed Syllabus
- Sets, relations and functions
- Complex numbers and quadratic equations
- Binary system of numbers and conversion
- Matrices and determinants
- Permutation, combination and binomial theorem
- Trigonometry: ratios, identities, inverse functions, heights and distances
- Analytical geometry of two and three dimensions
- Differential calculus: limits, continuity, derivatives and applications
- Integral calculus and differential equations
- Vector algebra
- Statistics: measures of central tendency, dispersion, correlation and regression
- Probability: addition and multiplication theorems, Bayes theorem, binomial distribution
Salary & Career Growth
Pay Scale
Rs 56,100 to Rs 2,50,000 (Lieutenant to Major)
Allowances & Benefits
Officers receive Military Service Pay along with Dearness Allowance, Kit Allowance and Leave Travel Concession on top of the basic pay. Free ration, official quarters and medical cover extending to family members are also part of the entitlement. The applicable rates for the cash components are revised from time to time and are set out in the official notification and service orders.
Promotion Hierarchy
Lieutenant to Captain to Major to Lt. Colonel to Colonel to Brigadier to General
Job Security
The selection is conducted by the Union Public Service Commission, and entry is to a commissioned officer post carrying the pay scale of Rs 56,100 to Rs 2,50,000 from Lieutenant to Major. Pay, rank and the promotion sequence are governed by service rules rather than negotiated individually, so earnings rise with rank along a published structure. Non-cash support such as quarters, free ration and medical cover for the family forms part of the same package.
Preparation Strategy
For Beginners
Entry is based on 10+2 or appearing in 10+2, with Physics and Mathematics required for Air Force and Navy options, so confirm the subject combination before building a study plan. The written exam is an offline OMR test of 900 marks across two papers in a combined five hours, with Mathematics carrying 120 questions for 300 marks and the General Ability Test carrying 150 questions for 600 marks; since the GAT holds twice the weight, it deserves a proportionate share of daily preparation rather than being treated as the lighter paper. Negative marking of 0.33 marks per wrong answer means accuracy drills matter as much as coverage, and practice should be timed to match the paper lengths. The SSB Interview that follows is a separate 900 marks spread over five days of psychological tests, group tasks and a personal interview, so written preparation alone is only half the selection; begin reading on current affairs and working on spoken clarity and group participation early, since those cannot be built in the weeks between stages.
Intermediate Level
Inconsistent mock scores at this stage are usually an accuracy problem rather than a coverage problem, and the fastest way to confirm it is to split every attempted paper into three buckets: questions answered correctly, questions left blank, and questions answered wrongly. With negative marking of -0.33 on each wrong answer, a sitting where you attempt forty extra questions on instinct can score lower than one where you attempt thirty fewer with settled reasoning, so track your strike rate per section and not just the final total. Weight the review towards the General Ability Test, since it carries 600 of the 900 written marks across 150 questions while Mathematics carries 300 across 120, which means a swing of a few marks per question in GAT moves the total far more than the same swing in Mathematics. Practise both papers in a single five-hour block on OMR sheets at least once a fortnight, because marking errors and fatigue in the second paper account for a share of score variation that no amount of extra revision will fix.
Advanced (Final Stage)
In the closing weeks, work on timed full papers rather than new topics: Mathematics carries 120 questions for 300 marks and the General Ability Test carries 150 questions for 600 marks, so sectional pacing matters more than depth at this stage. With negative marking of -0.33, review each mock to separate genuine errors from guesses that went wrong, and fix a personal rule for when to leave a question blank. Practise filling the OMR sheet under the full five-hour load across both papers, since transfer errors and fatigue in the second paper cost more marks than weak topics at this point. For candidates moving to the SSB Interview, which runs five days and carries 900 marks, use the remaining time to stabilise current affairs reading and group discussion practice instead of written revision.
3-Month Study Plan
Month 1: Build the Mathematics base, working through the paper's 120-question format in untimed sets first, and start daily GAT reading so the 600-mark paper gets attention from the beginning. Month 2: Shift to timed section practice, attempting full Mathematics papers of 300 marks and full GAT papers of 600 marks separately, and track how the -0.33 penalty affects your net score on guessed questions. Month 3: Sit complete 900-mark mocks under the full five-hour two-paper schedule on OMR sheets, revise weak areas between attempts, and begin preparing for the five-day SSB Interview stage, which carries 900 marks of its own.
6-Month Study Plan
Month 1: Build the base in Mathematics, which carries 120 questions and 300 marks. Work from the class 11 and 12 level textbooks you already use for 10+2, solve each chapter by hand, and keep a separate notebook for formulae and standard results. Set a fixed daily slot for the General Ability Test as well, mainly English reading and daily current affairs notes, without yet timing yourself. Month 2: Continue chapter by chapter coverage in Mathematics and begin structured preparation for the General Ability Test, which carries 150 questions and 600 marks and is therefore the heavier paper. Divide GAT study into an English block and a general knowledge block so neither is left to the last weeks. Start recording accuracy per chapter. Month 3: Shift from learning to solving. Attempt topic-wise question sets in both papers under loose time limits, and begin applying the negative marking of 0.33 marks per wrong answer to your own scoring so that you see the cost of guessing. Revise the Mathematics formula notebook once a week. Month 4: Start full-length sectional papers, one Mathematics paper and one General Ability Test paper in separate sittings each week. Analyse every wrong answer and classify it as a concept gap, a calculation slip or a guess. Rework the concept gaps from the source book the same week rather than postponing them. Month 5: Move to full-length mocks that mirror the written exam in its entirety, 900 marks across two papers with a total duration of five hours, attempted on OMR sheets. Practise the marking of the OMR sheet itself, since the written exam is offline. Alongside this, begin preparing for the SSB Interview, which runs five days and carries 900 marks, by reading on psychological tests, group tasks and the personal interview. Month 6: Reduce fresh study and increase mock frequency, keeping to the same two paper sequence and five hour window each time. Revise the Mathematics formula notebook and your current affairs notes in short repeated passes. Fix an attempt strategy for each paper, deciding in advance how many uncertain questions you will leave, given that wrong answers cost 0.33 marks. Keep SSB preparation running in parallel so that the gap between the written exam and the interview is not spent starting from zero.
12-Month Study Plan
Month 1: Fix the target cycle first, since the written exam is held twice a year, and build the timetable backwards from it. Learn the paper structure cold: offline OMR, two papers, five hours, 900 marks in total, with Mathematics carrying 120 questions for 300 marks and the General Ability Test carrying 150 questions for 600 marks. Spend this month only on setting a sustainable daily routine of about three study hours and collecting the subject list from the official notification. Month 2: Begin Mathematics from the first units of the official syllabus and move at roughly one unit a week, writing out solutions in full rather than reading them. Keep a separate notebook for formulas and standard results. Start a 30 minute daily slot for the General Ability Test so the larger paper is never untouched. Month 3: Continue the Mathematics sequence and add a weekly session where the previous three weeks of topics are reworked from scratch. Begin light physical training on a fixed schedule, since the SSB Interview runs five days and carries 900 marks, the same weight as the written exam. Month 4: Raise the General Ability Test slot to one hour daily and work through its syllabus heads in the order the notification lists them. Keep Mathematics running at one unit a week. Take the first untimed topic test in each paper to find where the errors are coming from. Month 5: Introduce timing. Attempt 30 question Mathematics sets and 40 question General Ability sets against the clock, then mark them with the negative marking of 0.33 applied so the real score is visible. Record which questions were guessed and whether the guesses paid. Month 6: Finish the first complete pass of both syllabi this month, even if some units are thin. Shift the daily split so the General Ability Test gets the larger share, matching its 600 mark weight against 300 for Mathematics. Begin practising on OMR sheets rather than plain paper. Month 7: Start the second pass of Mathematics, this time by solving rather than reading, two to three problem sets a day with no reference to solutions during the attempt. Keep one weekly full-length General Ability session. Add written self-description and daily newspaper reading, both of which feed the personal interview later. Month 8: Take one full written paper every fortnight under the real five hour, two paper arrangement. Analyse each one for three days afterwards: topic-wise accuracy, attempt count, and marks lost to the negative marking. Rebuild the weak units identified, do not simply re-read them. Month 9: Move to one full written paper every week. Fix a personal attempt policy for each section, deciding in advance how certain an answer must be before it is marked. Begin preparing for the psychological tests and group tasks of the SSB in a steady weekly slot, and make physical training daily. Month 10: Hold the weekly full paper and spend the rest of the week on error correction only, with no new material introduced. Compress the formula notebook into a short revision set that can be read in under an hour. Increase SSB preparation to two sessions a week, covering group discussion practice and spoken answers about background, studies and interests. Month 11: Revise the entire Mathematics syllabus in three weeks using the compressed notes and solved sets, and the General Ability syllabus alongside it. Keep one full paper a week on OMR sheets, with strict timing across both papers. Confirm eligibility papers and documents are in order so the application stage takes no study time. Month 12: Stop new study. Rotate through revision notes, past attempts and the error log, and take two or three final full papers spaced at least four days apart. Keep the last ten days light, hold the physical routine, and carry the SSB preparation forward, since selection runs through five days of psychological tests, group tasks and the personal interview worth 900 marks.
Recommended Books
Mathematics
NCERT Mathematics Class 11 and 12
NCERT · NCERT
builds the core 10+2 base that the Mathematics paper is drawn from
Mathematics for Class 11 and 12
R.D. Sharma · Dhanpat Rai
large graded question sets for calculus, trigonometry and coordinate geometry practice
GAT (General Ability Test)
Objective General English
S.P. Bakshi · Arihant
covers the grammar, usage and comprehension pattern of the English part of GAT
High School English Grammar and Composition
Wren and Martin · S. Chand
rule based grammar reference for error spotting and sentence correction
Lucent's General Knowledge
Dr. Binay Karna · Lucent Publication
compact coverage of science, history, geography and polity sections of GAT
Certificate Physical and Human Geography
Goh Cheng Leong · Oxford University Press
clear treatment of physical geography topics asked in the general ability paper
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Frequently Asked Questions
The NDA (National Defence Academy) examination is conducted by the Union Public Service Commission. It selects candidates for the Army, Navy and Air Force wings for training at the National Defence Academy. The exam is held twice a year, in April and September.
Unmarried candidates between 16.5 and 19.5 years of age are eligible to apply. The exact date of birth window changes with each cycle, so check the official notification on https://upsc.gov.in before applying. No age relaxation details are specified for this exam.
You need to have passed 10+2 or be appearing in 10+2 at the time of application. For the Air Force and Naval wings, Physics and Mathematics at the 10+2 level are required. Candidates applying only for the Army wing can apply with any 10+2 stream.
Yes, unmarried female candidates can apply for the NDA examination along with unmarried male candidates. The age and educational eligibility conditions are the same. Candidates must be Indian citizens.
The selection has two stages, a Written Exam of 900 marks and an SSB Interview of 900 marks. The written exam is taken in offline OMR mode and runs for 5 hours across two papers. The total of both stages is 1800 marks.
The Mathematics paper has 120 questions carrying 300 marks. The General Ability Test (GAT) has 150 questions carrying 600 marks. Together the two papers add up to 900 marks.
Yes, the written exam carries negative marking of 0.33 marks for each wrong answer. This applies to the objective questions in both papers. Guessing blindly can reduce your score, so answer only where you can eliminate options with reasonable confidence.
The SSB Interview stage carries 900 marks and is spread over 5 days. It includes psychological tests, group tests and a personal interview. Candidates must clear this stage after qualifying in the written exam.
The NDA examination is conducted twice a year, in April and September. Candidates who meet the age and education criteria may appear in either cycle. For the exact schedule of any given cycle, refer to the official notification at https://upsc.gov.in.
After commissioning, the pay scale ranges from Rs 56,100 at the Lieutenant level up to Rs 2,50,000 at the senior levels covered in the pay structure. During training at the National Defence Academy, cadets receive a stipend as laid down by the service rules. Check the official notification for the stipend figure applicable to your cycle.
Officers receive Military Service Pay (MSP), Dearness Allowance, Kit Allowance and Leave Travel Concession. Free ration, government quarters and medical cover for the family are also provided. The rates of these allowances are fixed by government orders and are revised from time to time.
The career progression runs from Lieutenant to Captain, then Major, Lieutenant Colonel, Colonel, Brigadier and on to General rank. Promotions depend on service length, vacancies and performance in selection boards. The Navy and Air Force use equivalent rank structures.
Key Takeaways
- The NDA examination is conducted by the Union Public Service Commission twice a year, in April and September.
- NDA applicants must be Indian citizens aged between 16 and 19 years who have passed or are appearing in 10+2, with Physics and Mathematics required for the Air Force and Navy streams.
- The NDA written examination carries 900 marks and is held in offline OMR mode across two papers totalling five hours, with Mathematics having 120 questions for 300 marks and the General Ability Test having 150 questions for 600 marks.
- The NDA written examination applies negative marking of -0.33 for each incorrect answer.
- Candidates who clear the NDA written examination face the SSB Interview, a 900-mark stage spread over five days covering psychological tests, group tests and a personal interview.
